The ATESP 5 GHz radio survey IV. 19, 38, and 94 GHz observations and radio spectral energy distributions

It is now established that the faint radio population is a mixture of star-forming galaxies and faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs), with the former dominating below S(1.4GHz) \sim 100 muJy and the latter at larger flux densities. The faint radio AGN component can itself be separated into two main classes, mainly based on the host-galaxy properties: sources associated with red/early-type galaxies (like radio galaxies) are the dominant class down to \sim 100 muJy; quasar/Seyfert--like sources contribute an additional 10-20\%. One of the major open questions regarding faint radio AGNs is the physical process responsible for their radio emission. This work aims at investigating this issue, with particular respect to the AGN component associated with red/early-type galaxies. Such AGNs show, on average, flatter radio spectra than radio galaxies and are mostly compact (<= 30 kpc in size). Various scenarios have been proposed to explain their radio emission. For instance they could be core/core-jet dominated radio galaxies, low-power BL LACs, or advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) systems. We used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to extend a previous follow-up multi-frequency campaign to 38 and 94 GHz. (abridged)Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in A&

Pengembangan Model Penguatan Lembaga Pertanian sebagai Prime Mover Pembangunan Kawasan Daerah Penyangga Pembangunan (Dpp) Destinasi Wisata Kintamani Bali

Tujuan pokok penelitian ini mengembangkan model prime mover sektor pertanian argo di daerah penyangga pembangunan (DPP) destinasi wisata Kintamani untuk penguatan dan pemberdayaan para petani agro berbasis kewilayahan dan berbasis penguatan kelembagaan lokal di Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan metode kuantitatif IG (Indeks Gravitasi) untuk melihat derajat keterkaitan aktivitas ekonomi antara DPP dan desa sekitarnya, CDSF (Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier) untuk melihat tingkat efisiensi teknis yang mencerminkan sejauhmana kegiatan produksi sektor dominan di DPP mencapai titik optimumnya, serta metode EL (Ekonometrik Logit) untuk mengetahui adakah fragmentasi produksi DPP dengan desa sekitarnya. Dalam penyusunan desain pola pengembangan ekonomi di DPP mengacu pada temuan studi pendahuluan dan trending analysis terkait dengan keunggulan potensi, permasalahan yang paling urgen, dan peluang usaha di masing-masing wilayah. Produk penelitian ini adalah : (1) peta permasalahan dan produksi dominan petani agro, (2) peta kelembagaan petani agro, (3) model pelembagaan petani agro, (4) draft model prime mover sektor pertanian agro terhadap pengembangan destinasi wisata, dan (5) artikel ilmiah (jurnal terakreditasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) berdasarkan data Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Bangli Provinsi Bali, yaitu : Desa Batur Selatan, desa Songan A, desa Songan B,dan desa Kedisan. Secara umum lembaga-lembaga social kemasyarakatan yang ada di semua desa tersebut hamper sama,hanya struktur organisasinya yang sedikit berbeda, yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kebiasaan masyarakat setempat. (2) lembaga social dan budaya yang terdapat di desa-desa kawasan agrowisata Kintamani, pada umumnya adalah : sekehe teruna teruni, kelompok tani, gabungan kelompok tani, sekehe jogged, sekehe santi, sekehe tabuh, sekehe payus, sekehe rejang,sekehe manyi, sekehe baris, sekehe pruguh, sekehe gong, sekehe gambuh, lembaga perkreditan desa, desa adat, prajuru desa adat, koperasi unti desa,kelompok penyakap,dan kelompok peternak. (3) pada desa-desa kawasan agrowisata di Kintamani, terdapat lahan yang masih cukup besar untuk dimaksimalkan pemanfaatannya, yakni berkisar antara 10 sampai 100 hektar di setiap desanya. Namun, berdasarkan hasil survey di lapangan, hanya sebagian kecil dari lahan tersebut yang merupakan milik penduduk setempat. (4) potensi kawasan Kintamani pada dasarnya bersandar pada keindahan alam dan modalitas social budaya masyarakat itu sendiri. (5) masih ditemukan berbagai kendala yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat desa kawasan agrowisata pada umumnya dan petani pada khusnya, terutama pada aspek-aspek khusus, seperti: aturan desa dan pengelolaan lembaga sosial dan budaya desa, luas dan kepemilikan lahan, system permodalan, pemanfaatan sumber daya, dan system penjualan

Dumb-bell galaxies in southern clusters: Catalog and preliminary statistical results

The dominant galaxy of a rich cluster is often an object whose formation and evolution is closely connected to the dynamics of the cluster itself. Hoessel (1980) and Schneider et al. (1983) estimate that 50 percent of the dominant galaxies are either of the dumb-bell type or have companions at projected distances less than 20 kpc, which is far in excess of the number expected from chance projection (see also Rood and Leir 1979). Presently there is no complete sample of these objects, with the exception of the listing of dumb-bell galaxies in BM type I and I-II clusters in the Abell statistical sample of Rood and Leir (1979). Recent dynamical studies of dumb-bell galaxies in clusters (Valentijn and Casertano, 1988) still suffer from inhomogeneity of the sample. The fact that it is a mixture of optically and radio selected objects may have introduced an unknown biases, for instance if the probability of radio emission is enhanced by the presence of close companions (Stocke, 1978, Heckman et al. 1985, Vettolani and Gregorini 1988) a bias could be present in their velocity distribution. However, this situation is bound to improve: a new sample of Abell clusters in the Southern Hemisphere has been constructed (Abell et al., 1988 hereafter ACO), which has several advantages over the original northern catalog. The plate material (IIIaJ plates) is of better quality and reaches fainter magnitudes. This makes it possible to classify the cluster types with a higher degree of accuracy, as well as to fainter magnitudes. The authors therefore decided to reconsider the whole problem constructing a new sample of dumb-bell galaxies homogeneously selected from the ACO survey. Details of the classification criteria are given

Identification of Some Errors in the Genome Assembly of Bovidae by FISH

From an economic point of view, Bovidae represent the most important family of the Ruminantia suborder. Thus, the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of Bos taurus were among the first genomes to be sequenced after the sequencing of the human genomes. Over the millennia, the evolution of the genomes of the 3 main species belonging to the Bovidae family - B. taurus (BTA), Ovis aries (OAR), and Capra hircus (CHI) - has led to few chromosome rearrangements. Certainly, the availability and free access to the animal genomes significantly contributed to the improvement of animal genetics; however, some errors may exist due to the high automation in the genomic assembly construction process. In this work, some differences between the genomes of cattle, goat, and sheep highlighted by bioinformatics analysis have been verified by FISH, confirming that some errors persist even in the most recent genome assemblies. This type of approach has allowed us to detect a misassembly of a region belonging to BTA16 and to the homologues OAR12 and CHI16, a misassembly of a short tract in BTA22, OAR19, and CHI22, an incorrect mapping of a region of BTA21 and of CHI27 and OAR26, a discrepancy in the BTA26, OAR22, and CHI26 assemblies, a missed inversion in CHI1 compared to BTA1 and OAR1, and the exact assembly of a region of about 7 Mb in OAR10 and CHI12. Incorrect positioning of genomic tracts can cause unintended consequences in genetic analyses, especially when the data represent a starting point for the construction of genetic tools. In the new genomic assemblies published after the conclusion of our experiments, however, the accuracy in the construction of animal assemblies has been much improved, even if the new assemblies present more extended unmapped portions than the previous versions. The gap could be filled by comparative analyses between similar species or FISH

Structure of the magnetoionic medium around the FR Class I radio galaxy 3C 449

The goal of this work is to constrain the strength and structure of the magnetic field associated with the environment of the radio source 3C 449, using observations of Faraday rotation, which we model with a structure function technique and by comparison with numerical simulations. We assume that the magnetic field is a Gaussian, isotropic random variable and that it is embedded in the hot intra-group plasma surrounding the radio source. For this purpose, we present detailed rotation measure images for the polarized radio source 3C 449, previously observed with the Very Large Array at seven frequencies between 1.365 and 8.385 GHz. We quantify the statistics of the magnetic-field fluctuations by deriving rotation measure structure functions, which we fit using models derived from theoretical power spectra. We quantify the errors due to sampling by making multiple two-dimensional realizations of the best-fitting power spectrum.We also use depolarization measurements to estimate the minimum scale of the field variations. We then make three-dimensional models with a gas density distribution derived from X-ray observations and a random magnetic field with this power spectrum. Under these assumptions we find that both rotation measure and depolarization data are consistent with a broken power-law magnetic-field power spectrum, with a break at about 11 kpc and slopes of 2.98 and 2.07 at smaller and larger scales respectively. The maximum and minimum scales of the fluctuations are around 65 and 0.2 kpc, respectively. The average magnetic field strength at the cluster centre is 3.5 +/-1.2 micro-G, decreasing linearly with the gas density within about 16 kpc of the nucleus.Comment: 19 pages; 14 figures; accepted for publication on A&A. For a high quality version use ftp://ftp.eso.org/pub/general/guidetti

Large Merger Recoils and Spin Flips From Generic Black-Hole Binaries

We report the first results from evolutions of a generic black-hole binary, i.e. a binary containing unequal mass black holes with misaligned spins. Our configuration, which has a mass ratio of 2:1, consists of an initially non-spinning hole orbiting a larger, rapidly spinning hole (specific spin a/m = 0.885), with the spin direction oriented -45 degrees with respect to the orbital plane. We track the inspiral and merger for ~2 orbits and find that the remnant receives a substantial kick of 454 km/s, more than twice as large as the maximum kick from non-spinning binaries. The remnant spin direction is flipped by 103 degrees with respect to the initial spin direction of the larger hole. We performed a second run with anti-aligned spins, a/m = +-0.5 lying in the orbital plane that produces a kick of 1830 km/s off the orbital plane. This value scales to nearly 4000 km/s for maximally spinning holes. Such a large recoil velocity opens the possibility that a merged binary can be ejected even from the nucleus of a massive host galaxy.Comment: 4 pages. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Jet triggered Type Ia supernovae in radio-galaxies?

We report the serendipitous discovery of a supernova (SN) in the nearby radio-galaxy 3C 78. Observations obtained with the STIS spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope show, at a distance of 0.54 arcsec (300 pc) from the galaxy nucleus, a second bright source, not present in previous images. As this source was fortuitously covered by the spectrograph slit its spectrum was obtained and it is characteristic of a Type Ia SN. This SN is closely aligned with the radio-jet of 3C 78. Analysis of historical records shows that such a close association between jet and supernova occurred in 6 of the 14 reported SNe in radio-galaxies. The probability that this results from a random distribution of SN in the host galaxy is less than 0.05%. We then argue that jets might trigger supernova explosions.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, to appear in ApJL, 20 Jul 200